The variety of wage earners with a short lived contract fell by 30% whereas everlasting employees elevated by 12% Employment registered its lowest annual improve in eight years and solely grew by 1.38% after falling within the final quarter Employment within the non-public sector registered its worst fourth quarter of the final ten years, falling by greater than 100,000 individuals
In 2022 we have now lived by way of two clearly very totally different intervals. An excellent first semester by way of job creation and unemployment discount and a second half that began off hesitantly and has clearly resulted in a rut. The impact of the primary half outweighs that of the second and for that reason the figures in annual phrases are optimistic: the variety of individuals in employment improved and the unemployment price fell to 12.9%, its finest closing of the yr since 2007.
In addition to this clear division, and the complexity of an train marked by the struggle in Ukraine, the price of vitality and the excessive uncertainty, 2022 has additionally been the primary yr of utility of the labor reform agreed between the Government and the social companions . Its impression on the figures is notable: the short-term employment price has plummeted and wage earners with a precarious contract have fallen by 28%.
From the Executive they spotlight the structural change “due to the labor reform” and make sure the slowdown within the enchancment of employment within the final quarter of 2022 “in step with the slowdown on the earth financial system.” These are among the key knowledge that painting the final yr.
The brake materializes
The slowdown was anticipated and after a weak summer season the bump materialized within the final quarter. Confirmed touchdown. Employment was destroyed for the primary time for this era since 2017, though the annual steadiness is saved and closes in optimistic territory: 2022 ended with 279,000 extra employed.
The following graph illustrates very nicely that slowdown we’re speaking about.
We got here from occupancy development of greater than 4% firstly of 2022 and on the finish of it that price may be very low: 1.38%. If we low cost the pandemic second, it’s the most modest advance because the starting of 2014.
The query now’s whether or not the pattern will flip and the financial system will begin to destroy jobs. From the Ministry of Economy they rule out a change in pattern and converse of a “pause in job creation”.
It can be noticeable within the discount of unemployment
This slowdown noticed in job creation can be mirrored within the unemployment figures. We have gone from decreasing unemployment to charges of 12% to ending the yr with that variation at 2.6%, 5 occasions much less.
In the final quarter, the variety of unemployed individuals additionally elevated by 43,800. This is uncommon: it’s often an excellent time for this indicator.
Record short-term discount
“To cut back short-term employment, jobs had been destroyed earlier than, not now: it’s achieved by rising employed and decreasing unemployment,” stated Gonzalo García Andrés, Secretary of State for the Economy.
The short-term price, that’s, the share of staff with this sort of contract in comparison with the overall, has gone from 25% to 18% on the finish of the yr and “is nearer to the European common”. The fall has been concentrated in 2022. “This structural change is pushed by the appliance of the labor reform,” defends the Government.
Another method of this transformation is to research the evolution of the varieties of contracts. Temporary ones fell 28% within the yr and everlasting ones rose 13%. In the latter case, historic figures are reached: there had by no means been so many everlasting staff. In complete there are 14.2 million individuals. In absolute phrases they rise by 1.6 million.
Bad yr for the self-employed
The variety of self-employed employees has been decreased by 111,000 in 2022. “The knowledge is a trustworthy reflection of the unhealthy scenario that the self-employed have gone by way of and that now in 2023 they face a really delicate scenario”, valued the president of ATA , Lawrence Love.
In the self-employed sector, such unhealthy knowledge has not been seen since 2013.
The unhealthy determine has stunned specialists. Perhaps it might be associated to the regularization of the so-called ‘false self-employed’: individuals who ought to be on the payroll as staff however seem as self-employed employees. According to the Labor inspection, final yr 40,000 false self-employed employees had been regularized. The Ministry assures that it’s the highest determine in historical past.
Public and personal employment
The solely sector that elevated employment within the final quarter was the general public sector (20,000 employees), in comparison with a drop within the non-public sector, which skilled its worst 4 quarters within the final ten years: it destroyed 102,000 jobs. The correction has been fairly abrupt, because the earlier two quarters had been good by way of employment within the non-public sector. We should see to what extent this fall deepens firstly of 2023: the primary quarter shouldn’t be often good.
Households all unemployed
One of the symptoms of the precariousness of households is the variety of households with not less than one lively individual and all its members unemployed. The knowledge worsened within the final quarter of 2022 in 70,100 instances and the overall determine is as soon as once more above a million instances.
In the annual calculation, the steadiness can be destructive: the variety of households with all their members unemployed elevated by 26,000.
Improves long-term unemployment
However, one other piece of knowledge that additionally displays the fragile scenario of some employees, such because the long-term unemployed, did enhance.
The quantity of people that have been in search of a job for greater than a yr and can’t discover it fell significantly all through 2022. Specifically, 155,000 employees left this bag of job insecurity, a drop of 27% in comparison with the tip of the earlier yr .
The scenario additionally improved, though much less markedly, for individuals who have been with out luck within the labor area for greater than two years. The determine fell by 58,000 individuals, 6%.
The weight of those two teams of long-term unemployed decreased within the complete all through 2022: they signify 42%. If we besides the uncommon yr of the covid, it’s the lowest share since 2010.